Kew Gardens Leads the Charge in Climate-Resilient Coffee Research

As the global coffee industry grapples with the growing impact of climate change, scientists at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, are at the forefront of research aimed at safeguarding the future of one of the world’s most beloved beverages. Their focus: developing climate-resilient, drought-tolerant coffee varieties to replace vulnerable strains such as arabica and robusta. 

Traditionally cultivated arabica and robusta coffee plants are increasingly threatened by rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and the spread of pests and diseases—conditions expected to worsen in the coming decades. Kew’s researchers are exploring lesser-known wild coffee species, many of which are native to central and western Africa, that have evolved to thrive in harsher environments. 

Among the most promising species are Coffea stenophylla and Coffea excelsa. Stenophylla, once thought to be extinct until its rediscovery in Sierra Leone, has shown a remarkable ability to withstand higher temperatures—up to 6°C hotter than what arabica can tolerate. Early taste tests have revealed a flavor profile close to arabica, making it a strong candidate for future cultivation. 

“These wild coffee species offer traits that could be vital in helping farmers adapt to the challenges of a changing climate,” said Dr. Aaron Davis, senior botanist and head of coffee research at Kew. “Our work is about preserving biodiversity and also creating new opportunities for sustainable agriculture.” 

Coffea excelsa, another wild species, is known for its deep root systems and ability to survive in dry conditions. Though less widely used in mainstream coffee production, it may hold potential as a component in breeding programs designed to improve the resilience of commercial varieties. 

The Kew research team is collaborating with coffee growers, governments, and institutions in Africa, Latin America, and Asia to conduct field trials. These trials assess the productivity, climate tolerance, and market potential of alternative coffee species under real farming conditions. 

The stakes are high. According to estimates, up to 50% of current coffee-growing land may become unsuitable for arabica production by 2050 if global warming continues at the current pace. With over 125 million people worldwide depending on coffee farming for their livelihoods, developing climate-resilient varieties is not just an agricultural issue—it’s a social and economic imperative. 

In addition to species trials, Kew Gardens is working on strategies such as agroforestry, where coffee is grown in harmony with native trees and other crops, promoting biodiversity and soil health while buffering farms against extreme weather. 

“The future of coffee may not lie in simply protecting what we already grow but in embracing what nature has already adapted for us,” added Dr. Davis. “Wild coffee species are a genetic treasure trove. We must act now to explore and conserve them.” 

Backed by international funding and growing interest from coffee companies concerned about supply chain stability, Kew’s research is positioning the UK as a central player in the global fight to protect coffee from climate disruption. 

As coffee lovers around the world sip their morning brew, few may realize the critical role science and conservation now play in keeping their cups full.

Follow & Subscribe:
👉 Agri-Food Update on LinkedIn for the latest updates and insights.
🌐 Visit us at www.agri-food-update.com for more information!